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Input Jack - Guitar amplifiers may have either one or two inputs. Usually, one is intended for standard output guitars, the other, for unusually high output guitars like those with active electronics.

Gain / Volume - These controls work together to control the amount of saturation the preamp section of the amp produces. From a guitarist's perspective, that's how to control the amount of distortion.

Equalization - The amps bass, midrange and treble controls work pretty much like those of a home stereo. Presence is slightly different.

Reverb - Reverb, short for reverberation is a sort of echo similar to that produced when you sing in the shower.

Master Volume - This controls the final output level but, has less effect on the overall tone of the amp than the volume control that is linked to the gain control.